Electric railway



Patented July 5, |898 1. c. HENRY.

ELEcTmc RAILWAY.

(Application filed Apr. 7, 1898.)

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No. 606,664. Patented July 5, |898. l. C. HENRY.

ELECTRIC RAILWAY.

(Application filed Apr. 7, 1898.)

(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

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' UniTn 6TnTns PATnnT Orrrcn.,

JOHNVO. HENRY, OF DENVER, COLORADO.

LECTREC RAILWAY.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 606,664, dated July 5,1898.

Application filed Apri17, 1898. Serial No. 676,736. (No model.)

To all whom/,it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN O. HENRY, a citizen of the United States,residing at Denver, county of Arapahoe, State of Colorado, have inventedcertain new and useful Improvements in Electric Railways, of which thefollowing is a specification.

This invention relates to improvements'in electric railways, andcomprises improve'- inents in the connections and controlling devices oftwo motor-car equipments, whereby the necessary changes in theconnections and thus of the speed of the motors may be effected withoutbringing undue strains on the motor equipment either in the way ofexcessive mechanical strain or violent and sudden changes of currentstrength or of high-potential discharges.

Referring to the accompanying drawings, which form a part ot thisspecification, Figures 1 to 16 are diagrams showing successiveconditions ot the connections of the motor equipment when controlledaccording to my invention. y Fig. 17 is a diagrammatic development ofthe controller, showing the connections therefrom to themotors,line,ground, and controlling resistances.

I have here indicated only those parts of the car equipment which areessential elements in the carrying out of my inventionnamely, thecontroller, the motors, and resistances. It will, however, be understoodthat the usual reversing devices and safety appliances may andpreferably are used in conjunction with the system herein shown, beingapplied thereto in the usual manner.

A and A represent the respective armatures of the two motors of anelectrically-propelled vehicle,`and F and F represent the respectiveield-magnets of such motors.

In Fig. 17, C represents the controller, here shown in development,comprising movable contacts 21 to 61, inclusive, making contact withfixed contacts 7l to 84C, inclusive, the movable contacts beingpreferably mounted on an insulating-cylinder or rotative support in theusual manner and provided with a suitable operating-handle, and thefixed contacts being connected to the armatures A A', field.- magnets FF, and regulating resistance-s r r2 o3r1r5, as indicated. The dottedlines marked by the numbers l to 16, inclusive, represent successivelines of contact ot these movable controller-contacts with the series ofiixed contacts and correspond to the successive positions of the circuitconnections represented in Figs. l to 16, inclusive.

In position 1 (shown in Fig. 1) the armatures are in parallel and theheld-magnets are in series, with the maximum resistance in- Acludedinthe field-magnet circuit, so as to give a weak field and maximumacceleration. The field-magnet circuit may be traced from the trolley orline connection t through wire 90 to field-magnet F, thence throughcontroller-contacts SO 41, connection S9 in the controller,controller-contacts 69 79, field-magnet F', and resistances r3 r2 1" toground connection G. The armature-circuit passes from the lineconnection t throughwire 91 to junction-point j, whence it divides, onebranch leading through armature A to controllercontacts 72 23,connection 17, controller-contact 26, and connection 62 to controllercontact 2S, which engages with ground contact 75, leading to groundconnection G. The

other branch of the armature-circuit leads from the point j throughcontroller-contacts 71 2l, controller connection 16, andcontroller-contacts 25 78 to one side of armature A', from the otherside of which the circuit continues through controller-contacts 74- 26and connection 62 to ground contacts 2S 75.

Positions 2 3 e of the controller are the same as position l, exceptthat resistances r' r2 r3 are successively short-circuited by thecontacts 29 82 36 engaging with fixed contacts 76 77 78, connected tothe terminals of these resistances, said contacts 29 32 36 beingconnected directly to ground contact 28 of the controller by connections6A 65,66. The field-magnets are thus strengthened and the acceleratingeffect of the motors is correspondingly reduced. To further decrease theacceleration, the armatures are changed from parallel to series relation-by means of the successive steps 5 6 7 8 9 10 1l.

In the ordinary system of series-multiple control when it is desired tochange from parallel to series relation it is usual to first decreasethe current in one of the armatures by inserting resistance, usually inseveral steps, so that, comparatively speaking, but little current ispassing through the armature when its circuit is broken in changing overto series connection. In this case l obtain the same or an equivalenteffect by adjustment or regulation of the held-magnet circuit, and onaccount ot the comparatively small Volume ofthe held-magnet current suchregulation can be more economically and conveniently ellected than withthe armaturecurrent, which is in the usual series motors the actualelectroniotive current et the vehicle and is of comparatively largeVolume.

rlhe first operation in changing Vfrom parallel to series (position 5)is therefore to close a shunt around the lield--magnet oi' one ot themotors, as l1", by means of contacts 3G eti) on the controller,connected by connection Qt) and engaging, respectively, with oneterminal contact 7S of the held-magnet l1" and with a terminal contact82 et resist-ances frl Iri, the connection being continued from theother terminal contact 8st of said rcsistanccs throughcontroller-contact 57 and connection to eontroller-contaet St) andthence to the other terminal contact 7 9 of field-magnet F. This closure`ol` a shunt around field-magnet lW lowers the resistance et theheld-magnet eircuit, considered as a whole, and results, therefore, inan increased illow ol' current in the other held-magnet lll and acorrespondiugly stronger excitation thereof. Under any given conditionset speed of the motors this increased field-magnet excitation otfield-magnet F will produce an. increase in the counter clectromotiveforce of the corresponding armature and a corresponding decrease ol. thearmattire-current. ln position G this result is carried furtller bydiminishing' the resistance of the shunt around the lfield-magnet Fvas,:for example, by putting the :resistances r1 'r5 in multiple-this beingeffected by contacts 50 58, connected by connections 100 103 to contacts3G, and contact 5l, connected by connection 0st to contact Theoverexcitation of Afield-magnet l1l nill new be so great as to cut downthe current in the corresponding armature A to such an extent that itscircuit may be broken with but little arcing effect. This breaking ofthe circuit of armature A is effected in position 7, the circuit of sucharmature being broken between contacts 23 72. The next operation will beto close the series connection between the two armatures; but in orderthat this shall not result in short-circuiting armature l A While thelatter is in an energized tield l prefer to first short-circuit thecorresponding lield-magnet l?, so as to enable it to discharge more orlcompletely, and then to close the circuit around the armature through aresistance which allows the armature-current to discharge at a sai'erate. Thus in position 7 the connection U5 between contacts ll 475,which engage with opposite terminal contacts 8O Sl et' magnet lf,short-circuits said magnet l?, and the magnetism thereof is therebyTmore or less discharged, and then lin position 8 the connection l) G0around armature l cease@z and including rcsistanecs fr] in multiple isclosed by contact 28 engaging with contact '75 and contacts 5l 55 5l)engaging with terminal contacts 82 S3 Si. The series connection 2Obetween the two armatures may then be safely closed, as in position Y),by contacts 2land 25 engaging with the armature terminal contacts 72 and7.5, thus putting the armature A on a closed circuit, incliulingcontacts 7l 22, connection l5), contacts 5o' tll, resistances r1 T5 inmultiple, contacts H2 Si 5l 59, connection G9, contact 25, connection20, and contacts 2land 72. On account ot' the resistance included intl'iis'closed circuit the armature will discharge through same at a safeor moderate rate, eren il' the l'leld-nutg net F has not had time tocompletely discharge, and thus the cioe-iure el. the series connectionmay thus be more u uiekly ellcct ed without danger of excessive currentiu the shunted armature. linniltaneously 1with these operations theresistance ot the .ileld magnet circuit maybe varied, as by emitacts 3330 engaging with i'esistance-contacts 77 7G and connected to contact2553 by connections 67 (38 (3f). The next step (lll) brez'iks theatoresaid shunt-circuit around armature il by rea-- son of contacts 2225l 55 5f) learing their le spective `fixed contacts, thus leaving thearmatures in direct series connection, but with the Held-magnet l? olone ol? them shortecircuited. The el'tect ol this is that magnet lrbeing deeuergized its armature il le\.'eleps no counter electromotirci'orce and the line-- current passes with sulr-itantially l'ullpotential to armature A. it the same time this short-circuiting etHeld-magnet l? will result in such an increased current throughiieldmagnet li" that the eleetromotire cll'ect el' armature il will beincreased, so as to approach but not quite attain that ol both armaturesA A, acting in multiple in position l, so that an easy gradation et'electr-emotive eil'ect is obtained.

ln my application, Serial lio. tflll, tiled March 2S, 1808, l have setlorth and ijflainied a system involving7 broadly, the application toseparatelyexcited motor equipments olf this principle olfshort-cireuiting the lieldmagnet corresponding to the armature which isabout to be short-circuited and trans terred to series relation, therebyat the same ti me dcenergizing the [leid-magnet ol one motor andsuperenergizing the magnet ol. the other motor, so as to bring all Vtheload on the latter motor. ln this case l claim this Feature inconnection with means lor iiicluding resist ance in the shunt aroundAthe armatiire,u'hich connections are to be changer'l,as above stated,this resistance serving to render a possible gradual absorption ol.` thearmaturocurrcnt energy. ',llhis latter feature is also lnuadly claimedherein as applied to seriesparallel control ol` any kind whatsoever.

The next step (il.) breaks the short circuit around held-magnet l? byreason o l lined centact 8l breaking with eoi'itact t, connccttnl IOO byconnection 9G to contact 41, thus bringing the armature A into effectiveoperation in series with armature A. During these steps (10 and 11) theresistance included in the fieldmagnet circuit may be varied by contacts35 37, connected to contact 28 by connections 85 8G, it being understoodthat this variation of resistance may extend to the complete cutting outof the resistances from the iield-magnet circuit to produce a strongeriield excitation. As a further step I then proceed to place thefield-magnets in parallel connection, so as to give the maximum fieldexcitation. In order that this may he effected without either breakingthe field-magnet circuit or short-circuiting from line to ground, Iprefer to first close a shunt, including resistance, around one of thefield-magnets, then shortcircuit this field-magnet, then break theseries connection between the ieldmagnets, and finally close a parallelconnection to the line. Thus in position 12 a shunt-circuit 97 101 isestablished around iieldmagnet F by controllercontacts 88 39 52 56 60engaging d with iixed contacts 78 79 82 83 84, the resistances r4 7"'5being included in parallel in this shunt-circuit. The effect of this isto diminish the strength of magnet F and correspondingly increase thestrength of magnet F, so that the latter will be stronger than inposition 11. The motor A F will now take most of the load. The next step(position 13) closes a direct shunt-circuit around field-magnet F byreason of the xed contact 80, whose position is indicated in dottedlines, bridging the break between movable contacts 41 and 4:2,the shortcircuit thus leading from contact fieldmagnet terminal 79 to contact 39,connection 89, contacts 41, 80,and 4:2,connection 92 to contact 88, andthence tothe other terminal 78 of field-magnet F'. Field-magnet F willthus be discharged, and its circuit may then be safely broken, thisbeing effected in position 14 by contact 30 leaving fixed contact 79.The next step (l5) closes a connection from magnet F to line by contact40 engaging with Iield-magnet terminal 79, said contact 40 beingconnected by connection 98 to contact 48, which engages in this positionwith line-contact 8l. The iield-magnets having now their maximumenergization, the acceleration effect will be comparatively small, andit may be further decreased by the insertion of resistance into thearmature-circuit, as indicated in position 15, contacts 27 31, connectedby connection 68, coming into operation in this position to includeresistance r in the armature-circuit. This resistance is indicated indotted lin es in Fig. 15. Finally, the armature circuit is broken inposition 1G, and at the same time a closed circuit is formed, includingthe fieldmagnet circuit and resistances r4 T5, which are preferablynon-inductive, so as to readily absorb or allow the passage of theinstantaneous induced high-potential currents from the iield magnetswhen line connection is broken for any reason-as, for example, by thetrolley leaving the line. This closed circuit is formed by the contacts78 38, connection 87, contact 28, connection 88, contacts 61 8st,non-inductive resistances T5 r4, contacts 82 53, connection 102, contact48, and thence through the field-magnets in parallel, as abovedescribed.

It will be seen from the above description that the purpose and effectof this invention is to enable the gradual decrease of the counterelectromotive force of the motors when the cars are to be speeded up andthe gradual increase of such counter electromotive force when the` caris to be retarded. The feature shown in position 15 in the development,whereby the same resistance is used for the armature and iield circuits,will be claimed in a subsequent copending application.

Having thus described my invention, the following is what I claim as newtherein and desire to secure by Letters Patent:

1. The method of controlling the two motors of a car equipmentavhereinthe field-magnets are connected in series in a circuit independent ofthe armature-circuit, which consists in closing a shunt around one ofthe ield-magnets, said shunt including a resistance, then decreasingsaid resistance, so as to increase the current in and energization of,the fieldmagnet of the other motor and thus correspondingly decreasingthe current in the armature of such other motor, and then breaking thecircuit of such other armature.

2. The method of controlling electric motors whose field-magnets are ina circuit independent of their armatures which consists of decreasingthe resistance of the field-magnet circuit of one motor so as toincrease the energization of the field-magnet of the other motor andcorrespondingly decrease the'armature-current of said other motor.

3. The method of chan ging from parallel to series relation thearmatures ofthe two motor-arm atu res of a car equipment whosefieldmagnets are connected in an independent circuit, which consists inclosing a shunt-circuit, including a resistance, around the field-magnetof one of the motors decreasing the resistance of the shunt-circuit soas to increase the field magnetization of the other motor and tocorrespondingly decrease the armature-current of such other motor, thenopening the circuit of the armature of such other motor and closing aseries connection between the armatures.

4. In a controlling system for a two-motor equipment the combinationwith the armatures and field-magnets of the two motors, of controllingdevices and connections adapted to place the armatures of such motors inparallel relation, and to place the field-magnets of such motors inseries relation said controlling device comprising means for closing ashuntcircuit including a resistance around the fieldmagnet ot' one ofthe motors, and for decreas- IOO IIO

ing the amount of such resistance, and means for opening or breaking thecircuit of the armature of the other motor and connecting the motors inseries.

5. In a controlling system for a two-motor equipment the combinationwith the armatures and field-magnets of the two motors, ot controllingdevices and connections adapted to place the armatures of such motors inparallel relation, and to place the field-magnets ofsucli motors inseries relation, said controlling device comprising means for closing ashuntcircuit including a resistance around the fieldmagnet ot one et themotors and means for opening or breaking the circuit of the armature ofthe other motor and connecting the motors, in series.

(i. The method of controlling an electric motor Whose armature and`icldmagnets are in independent circuits, which consists in short--circuitin g the `field-magnet oi such motor then breaking thearmature-circuit and simulta neously closing a circuit including thearmature and a resistance.

7. The combination with the armatures an d field-magnets of tivoelectric motors, et controlling devices and connections for placing thesaid armatures in parallel relation, and placing the said field-magnetsin series relation in an independent circuit, said controller comprising also means -for shortcircuiting the iield-magnet of one of the motors,a resistance and means comprised in the controller for opening thecircuit ot the armature which is under the short-circuited field-magnet,for closing a circuit including said armature and said resistance, andfor closing a series conn nection between the armatures.

S. The combination with two electric motors having their field-magnetsconnected in series in a circuit independent of their armatures, ofcontrolling devices and connections for connecting the armatures ineither parat lel or series relation, a resistance and means comprised insaid controlling devices ior removing one of the armatures from itsparallel connection, connecting it in a closed circuit with saidresistance, connecting it in secoaeeli ries with the other armature, andthen breakn ing the said circuit through the resistance.

9. The combination with two electric nio tors having their field-magnetsconnected in a circuit indeliendent of their armatures, of a resistanceand means for closing a circuit, including said resistance around one oisaid field-magnets.

l0. The combination with two electric motors having their ieldonagnetsconnected in circuit by connections lindependent oi their armatures, oi'controlling devices ior changing the said Vfield-magnets from series toparallel relation.

ll. The combination with two electric moters having their `fieldmiagnetsconnected in circuit by connections independent el. their armatures, oicontrolling devices for chang ing said held-magnets from series toparallel relation, said controlling devices comprising .means forclosing a shunt-circuit around one of said held-magnets, and thenbreaking the circuit of said field-magnet and then connecting suchmagnet in parallel relation with the other field-magnet.

l2. The combination with two electric motors, having their`lieid-magnets connected in circuit by connections independent oi theirarmatures, means Afor connecting said magnets in series relation, aresistance and controlling devices 'for closing a shunt-circuit,including said resistance around one et said magnets, thenshort-circuiting such nmgnet, epcn-eircuiting it and connecting it inparallel with the other magnet.

13. The combination with the armatures and ltieldmagnets of tivoelectric motors, independent circuits comprising said armatures andheld-magnets resliectively, means for breakin g said armature-circuit,and a shuntcircuit including a non-inductive resistance and means torclosing` a circuit incl nding said resistance and said. Held-magnetsWhen the armature-circuit is broken.

JOHN C. lllilNlti'. 1Witnesses:

M. ll. LLoYjn, Jenn S. Greens.

